SIMANFOR: Una aplicación web para simular alternativas de gestión forestal sostenible

Growth and yield models at different scales are useful tools for forest stakeholders. Adequate simulation of forest stand conditions after different silvicultural scenarios allows stakeholders to adopt appropriate actions to maintain forest integrity while forest products and services are obtained to benefit society as a whole. SIMANFOR is a platform to simulate sustainable forest management alternatives, integrating different modules to manage forest inventories, simulate and project stand conditions and maintain systems security and integrity. SIMANFOR output is compatible with an Office environment (Microsoft or Open), allowing users to exchange data and files between SIMANFOR and their own software. New developments are being planned under a web 2.0 environment to take advantage of user input to improve SIMANFOR in the future.Los modelos forestales de crecimiento y producción a diferentes escalas son herramientas útiles para los responsables de la toma de decisiones. La simulación adecuada de las condiciones de los rodales forestales tras diferentes escenarios selvícolas permite a estos responsables adoptar decisiones apropiadas para mantener la integridad de los ecosistemas forestales al tiempo que se obtienen bienes y servicios para el beneficio de la sociedad en su conjunto. SIMANFOR es una plataforma para simular alternativas de gestión forestal sostenible que integra diferentes módulos para gestionar inventarios forestales, simular y proyectar las características de los rodales y mantener la integridad de los ecosistemas. Las salidas de SIMANFOR son compatibles tanto con Microsoft como con Open Office, lo que permite a los usuarios intercambiar datos y documentos entre SIMANFOR y su propio software. Nuevos desarrollos están siendo implementados bajo la filosofía web 2.0 para aprovechar la información de los usuarios y así mejorar SIMANFOR en el futuro

Modelo de masa incorporada en pinares mediterráneos: un caso de estudio en rodales de pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) y pino negral (Pinus pinister Ait.) en España

National Forest Inventories (NFI) are a basic tool for forestry planning at the National level. A new two-step system for predicting ingrowth compatible with NFI data is presented in order to improve long-term estimation of stand condition. In growth and yield models, an ingrowth submodel is a key feature for long-term estimation. An accurate projection of ingrowth is needed to avoid model projection bias and inaccuracy. A two-step approach was used, which consisted of (I) estimating the probability of ingrowth occurrence on a sample plot and (II) quantifying the ingrowth in terms of basal area. Logistic regression was used for step 1, while linear regression was used for step 2. A good performance of the joint ingrowth model for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Mediterranean Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster AiSsp mesogeensis) stands was observed. Logistic model include quadratic mean diameter as independent variables for both species while basal area is only included for Mediterranean Maritime. Quadratic mean diameter is the only independent variable in linear model for both species. The presented two-step modeling methodology for ingrowth is applicable to data from National Forest Inventories with concentric plots.Los Inventarios Forestales Nacionales (IFN) son un instrumento básico para la planificación forestal a nivel nacional. Con el objeto de predecir la masa incorporada, se presenta un nuevo sistema bietápico compatible con los datos del IFN para de esta forma mejorar las estimaciones a largo plazo. En los modelos de crecimiento y producción, un modelo de masa incorporada es clave para la proyección a largo plazo dado que se precisa una adecuada estimación de la masa incorporada para evitar sesgos e imprecisiones. Se utilizó un método bietápico basado en (I) estimar la probabilidad de presencia de masa incorporada en la parcela y (II) cuantificar la masa incorporada en área basimétrica. Para el paso 1 se utilizó la regresión logística mientras que para el paso 2 se utilizó regresión lineal. Se observó un buen comportamiento del modelo conjunto tanto para pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) como para pino negral (Pinus pinaster AiSsp mesogeensis). El modelo logístico incluye el diámetro medio cuadrático como variable independiente para ambas especies mientras que el área basimétrica solo es significativa en el caso del pino negral. En el modelo lineal, el diámetro medio cuadrático es significativo para las dos especies. El método bietápico presentado para estimar la masa incorporada es aplicable a los datos de Inventarios Forestales Nacionales basados en parcelas concéntricas

NN Scattering: Chiral Predictions for Asymptotic Observables

We assume that the nuclear potential for distances larger than 2.5 fm is given just by the exchanges of one and two pions and, for the latter, we adopt a model based on chiral symmetry and subthreshold pion-nucleon amplitudes, which contains no free parameters. The predictions produced by this model for nucleon-nucleon observables are calculated and shown to agree well with both experiment and those due to phenomenological potentials.Comment: 16 pages, 12 PS figures included, to appear in Physical Review

Estudio petrológico de la "Unidad Salina" de la Cuenca del Tajo

Se presenta un esquema fotogeológico de los principales afloramien tos de Ja Unidad Salina y un mapa de distribución de las facies evaporíticas. Se estudia la petrografía de la Unidad Salina de la Cuenca del Tajo, que presenta una interesante paragénesis de sa les sódicas. Se describen estructu ras de deformación en facies anhidrítico - magnesíticas, diferentes formas de cristales de anhidrita (idiomorfos, manojos (asciculares, cristales en " lazo" ... ). texturas seudomórficas en yeso. texturas primarias y secundarias en glauberita y halita. Se analizan también las diferentes facies texturales polihalíticas, entre las que cabe destacar las esferulíticas y las "afieltradas", así como las facies thenardíticas. De todo ello se deduce una secuencia mineralógica

Equivalence of the Path Integral for Fermions in Cartesian and Spherical Coordinates

The path-integral calculation for the free energy of a spin-1/2 Dirac-fermion gas is performed in spherical polar coordinates for a flat spacetime geometry. Its equivalence with the Cartesian-coordinate representation is explicitly established. This evaluation involves a relevant limiting case of the fermionic path integral in a Schwarzschild background, whose near-horizon limit has been shown to be related to black hole thermodynamics.Comment: 16 page

Central Nucleon-Nucleon Potential and Chiral Scalar Form Factor

The central two-pion exchange NN potential at large distances is studied in the framework of relativistic chiral symmetry and related directly to the nucleon scalar form factor, which describes the mass density of its pion cloud. This relationship is well supported by phenomenology and allows the dependence of the asymptotic potential on the nucleon mass to be assessed. Results in the heavy baryon limit are about 25% larger than those corresponding to the empirical nucleon mass in the region of physical interest. This indicates that it is very important to keep this mass finite in precise descriptions of the NN system and supports the efficacy of the relativistic chiral framework. One also estimates the contribution of subleading effects and presents a simple discussions of the role of the quark condensate in this problem.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Effective Field Theory Program for Conformal Quantum Anomalies

The emergence of conformal states is established for any problem involving a domain of scales where the long-range, SO(2,1) conformally invariant interaction is applicable. Whenever a clear-cut separation of ultraviolet and infrared cutoffs is in place, this renormalization mechanism produces binding in the strong-coupling regime. A realization of this phenomenon, in the form of dipole-bound anions, is discussed.Comment: 15 pages. Expanded, with additional calculational details. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Transmit Power Minimization for MIMO Systems of Exponential Average BER with Fixed Outage Probability

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Dian-Wu Yue, and Yichuang Sun, ‘Transmit Power Minimization for MIMO Systems of Exponential Average BER with Fixed Outage Probability’, Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 90 (4): 1951-1970, first available online on 20 June 2016. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 20 June 2017. The final publication is available at Springer via https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11277-016-3432-4This paper is concerned with a wireless multiple-antenna system operating in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels with channel state information being known at both transmitter and receiver. By spatiotemporal subchannel selection and power control, it aims to minimize the average transmit power (ATP) of the MIMO system while achieving an exponential type of average bit error rate (BER) for each data stream. Under the constraints on each subchannel that individual outage probability and average BER are given, based on a traditional upper bound and a dynamic upper bound of Q function, two closed-form ATP expressions are derived, respectively, which can result in two different power allocation schemes. Numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis, and show that the power allocation scheme with the dynamic upper bound can achieve more power savings than the one with the traditional upper bound.Peer reviewe

ESTABLECIMIENTO DEL Lolium multiflorum CON CINCO DENSIDADES SOBRE PASTURAS DEGRADADAS COMO UNA ALTERNATIVA A LA SIEMBRA DE CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el establecimiento del Rye grass italiano “Magnum” con cinco densidades de siembra sobre terrenos con pastos degradados e invadidos por kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) como una alternativa a la rotación con cultivos agrícolas. El estudio se realizó en el Centro de Investigaciones IVITA-El Mantaro (Junín) entre marzo y julio del 2002. Se sembró al voleo 15, 30, 45, 60 y 75 kg de semilla/ha de Lolium multiflorum (Rye grass italiano) en un suelo con pastura degradada de siete años de pastoreo y preparado mecánicamente. Cada densidad se mezcló con 3.0 kg/ha de semilla de alfalfa “Ranger”. Se fertilizó con 60-20-0 Kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O treinta días después de la siembra y se utilizó el diseño de block completo randomizado con tres repeticiones. La composición botánica a los 120 días de la siembra (antes del primer pastoreo) indicó que la proporción del Rye grass italiano se incrementó en forma significativa con las densidades de siembra (p<0.05). Las producciones de materia verde del Rye grass italiano se incrementaron en forma significativa (p<0.05) con el aumento de la densidad de siembra (21.3 a 82.9% con densidades de siembra de 15 y 75 kg/ha, respectivamente). Se concluye que el Rye grass italiano se establece en áreas degradadas invadidas por el kikuyu cuando se siembra con densidades mayores a 30 kg/ha de semilla total.The present study had the objective to evaluate the establishment of Italian Rye grass (Lolium multiflorum) under five densities of seeding (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 kg of seed/ha) into degraded pastures invaded by kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), as an alternative to rotations with agricultural cultivations. Each density was mixed with 3.0 kg/ ha of Lucerne seed (Ranger variety). The study was carried out at the “El Mantaro- IVITA” Research Station from March till July 2002. A land with degraded pasture that was grazed for seven years was mechanically prepared and the Italian Rye grass seed was vollied by hand. The fertilization was carried out with 60-20-0 of N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha thirty days after seedding. The statistical analysis was done using the randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The botanical composition before the first grazing (120 days after seeding) showed a significant increase (p<0.05) of the Italian Rye grass proportion (21.3 to 82.9% with the seeding density of 15 and 75 kg, respectively). The biomass production of Italian Rye grass significantly increased (p<0.05) with the increase of seeding density. It was concluded that the Italian Rye grass is better established into degraded areas invaded by kikuyu, when the seeding density was >30kg/ha